Creatinine Formation and Inorg-As Biotransformation: Influence of Trace Elements

2022-10-12T11:23:41+00:00

Recently, a study showed that urinary creatinineconcentrations (mg/L) were positively and significantly correlated withAsconcentrations, expressed as μg/L in urine (UAs) for both females and males¹. Theurinary creatinine concentrations were also positively correlated with As concentrations expressed as μg/L in blood¹. Other researchers also reported that urinary creatinine concentrations werepositively correlated with UAs concentrations expressed asμg/L^2,3. These results suggest that creatinine may influence the release of arsenic from the body with unknown mechanisms or maybe there is a correlation between the formation of creatinine and arsenic metabolism. Chowdhury UK (2021)⁴ found the important results that adjustedurinary Se, Mn, and Hg concentrations expressed as ug/g crewere significantly and negatively correlated with urinarycreatinine for both sexes. He also found a statisticallysignificant and positive correlation between Mn and Hg in urinefor both females and males (data not shown). Other studies reportedthat the combination of Mn and Hg might be more injurious tothe brain, perhaps due to their synergistic effect⁵. The effect ofHg administered or exposed on renal dysfunction has beenreported^6-8. Selenium intoxication with selenite broth resultingin acute renal failure has also been reported⁹. Therefore, Se,Mn, and/ or Hg may have inhibitory effects in renal function andforming less creatinine when increasing Se, Mn, and/or Hgconcentrations.

Hospitalized and Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19

2021-06-28T17:25:03+00:00

Introduction: As the number of COVID-19 infection raise is expected that more kidney transplant (KT) recipients will be affected. More information is need about the clinic factors that determine severe presentation in KT recipients with COVID-19.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational single-center analysis of 18 KT recipients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between March to November of 2020.

Results: Ten patients (55.5%) needed hospitalization and 8 patients (44.4%) were managed as outpatient. Mean age was 45.3 ± 13.1 years and 61.1% were male. Hypertension was presented in 72.2%, diabetes in 33.3% and obesity in 22.1% of patients. Eleven patients (61.1%) had an identiﬁable sick contact. Hospitalized patients were older (52 ± 12.2 vs 37 ± 9.3 years; p value = 0.011), had lower baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [39.0 (IQR 28.0 – 43.0) vs 59.0 ml/min/1.73m2 (IQR 41.3 – 101.0), p value= 0.021] and longer time since transplant (12.9 ± 6.9 vs 5.9 ± 6.5 years). Immunosuppression alteration occurred 90.0% of hospitalized patients vs 37.5% in outpatient (p value= 0.043). In hospitalized patients, 8 patients (80.0%) had acute kidney injury of which 2 patients needed renal replacement therapy. Recovery renal function was seen in 7 patients (70.0%) Hospitalized patients had a longer time to infection cure (35.6 ± 17.7 vs 21.6 ± 10.6 days).

Conclusion: Age, GFR at admission and time since transplant were associated with COVID-19 severity in kidney transplant recipients. Further research is needed to determine the impact of immunosuppression on the risk for COVID-19 infection and severity.

International Journal of Nephrology and Acute Disease

Creatinine Formation and Inorg-As Biotransformation: Influence of Trace Elements

Hospitalized and Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19